Пандемия: Всемирная история смертельных вирусов

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516

Anwar Huq, R. Bradley Sack, and Rita Colwell, "Cholera and Global Ecosystems," in Aron and Patz, Ecosystem Change and Public Health, 333.

517

Arnold Taylor, "Plankton and the Gulf Stream," New Scientist, March 1991.

518

Huq, Sack, and Colwell, "Cholera and Global Ecosystems," 336; Luigi Vezzulli, Rita R. Colwell, and Carla Pruzzo, "Ocean Warming and Spread of Pathogenic Vibrios in the Aquatic Environment," Microbial Ecology 65, no. 4 (2013): 817–25; Graeme C. Hays, Anthony J. Richardson, and Carol Robinson, "Climate Change and Marine Plankton," Trends in Ecology & Evolution 20, no. 6 (2005): 337–44; Gregory Beaugrand, Luczak Christophe, and Edwards Martin, "Rapid Biogeographical Plankton Shifts in the North Atlantic Ocean," Global Change Biology 15, no. 7 (2009): 1790–1803.

519

William H. McNeill, Plagues and Peoples (Garden City, NY: Anchor Press, 1976), 283.

520

Oscar Felsenfeld, "Some Observations on the Cholera (El Tor) Epidemic in 1961–62," Bulletin of the World Health Organization 28, no. 3 (1963): 289–96.

521

Ibid.

522

Rudolph Hugh, "A Comparison of Vibrio cholerae Pacini and Vibrio eltor Pribram," International Bulletin of Bacteriological Nomenclature and Taxonomy 15, no. 1 (1965): 61–68.

523

Paul H. Kratoska, ed., Southeast Asia Colonial History: High Imperialism (1890s – 1930s) (New York: Routledge, 2001).

524

C. E. de Moor, "Paracholera (El Tor): Enteritis Choleriformis El Tor van Loghem," Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2 (1949): 5–17.

525

Agus P. Sari et al., "Executive Summary: Indonesia and Climate Change: Working Paper on Current Status and Policies," Department for International Development and the World Bank, March 2007; Bernhard Glaeser and Marion Glaser, "Global Change and Coastal Threats: The Indonesian Case. An Attempt in Multi-Level Social-Ecological Research," Human Ecology Review 17, no. 2 (2010); Kathleen Schwerdtner Máñez et al., "Water Scarcity in the Spermonde Archipelago, Sulawesi, Indonesia: Past, Present and Future," Environmental Science & Policy 23 (2012): 74–84.

526

Felsenfeld, "Some Observations on the Cholera (El Tor) Epidemic."

527

Far East Pressing Anti-Cholera Steps," The New York Times, Aug. 20, 1961; "Chinese Reds Blame U. S. in Cholera Rise," The New York Times, Aug. 19, 1961.

528

C. Sharma et al., "Molecular Evidence That a Distinct Vibrio cholerae 01 Biotype El Tor Strain in Calcutta May Have Spread to the African Continent," Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 3 (March 1998): 843–44.

529

Echenberg, Africa in the Time of Cholera, 125–27.

530

Oscar Felsenfeld, "Present Status of the El Tor Vibrio Problem," Bacteriological Reviews 28, no. 1 (1964): 72; Colwell, "Global Climate and Infectious Disease."

531

Iván J. Ramírez, Sue C. Grady, and Michael H. Glantz, "Reexamining El Niño and Cholera in Peru: A Climate Affairs Approach," Weather, Climate, and Society 5 (2013): 148–61.

532

Bill Manson, "The Ocean Has a Long Memory," San Diego Reader, Feb. 12, 1998; Rosa R. Mouriño-Pérez, "Oceanography and the Seventh Cholera Pandemic," Epidemiology 9, no. 3 (1998): 355–57.

533

Ramírez, Grady, and Glantz, "Reexamining El Niño and Cholera in Peru"; María Ana Fernández-Álamo and Jaime Färber-Lorda, "Zooplankton and the Oceanography of the Eastern Tropical Pacific: A Review," Progress in Oceanography 69, no. 2 (2006): 318–59; Bert Rein et al., "El Niño Variability off Peru During the Last 20,000 Years," Paleoceanography 20, no. 4 (2005); Jaime Martinez-Urtaza et al., "Emergence of Asiatic Vibrio Diseases in South America in Phase with El Niño," Epidemiology 19, no. 6 (2008): 829–37.

534

Vezzulli, Colwell, and Pruzzo, "Ocean Warming and Spread of Pathogenic Vibrios"; Rafael Montilla et al., "Serogroup Conversion of Vibrio Cholerae non-O1 to Vibrio Cholerae O1: Effect of Growth State of Cells, Temperature, and Salinity," Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42, no. 1 (1996): 87–93; Luigi Vezzulli et al., "Dual Role Colonization Factors Connecting Vibrio cholerae's Lifestyles in Human and Aquatic Environments Open New Perspectives for Combating Infectious Diseases," Current Opinions in Biotechnology 19 (2008): 254–59.

535

P. R. Epstein, "Algal Blooms in the Spread and Persistence of Cholera," BioSystems 31, no. 2 (1993): 209–221; Jeffrey W. Turner et al., "Plankton Composition and Environmental Factors Contribute to Vibrio Seasonality," The ISME Journal 3, no. 9 (2009): 1082–92.

536

Connie Lam et al., "Evolution of Seventh Cholera Pandemic and Origin of 1991 Epidemic, Latin America," Emerging Infectious Diseases 16, no. 7 (2010): 1130.

537

"Cholera Epidemic Kills 51 in Peru," The Times (London), Feb. 11, 1991.

538

Simon Strong, "Peru Minister Quits in Cholera Row," The Independent, March 19, 1991; Malcolm Coad, "Peru's Cholera Epidemic Spreads to Its Neighbors," The Guardian, April 18, 1991; "Cholera Cases Confirmed Near Border with U. S.," Montreal Gazette, March 18, 1992; William Booth, "Cholera's Mysterious Journey North," The Washington Post, Aug. 26, 1991; "Baywatch Filming Hit by Cholera Alert," London Evening Standard, July 29, 1992; Barbara Turnbull, "Flight Hit by Cholera, 2 Sought in Canada," Toronto Star, Feb. 22, 1992; Les Whittington, "Mexico; Traffickers Blamed for Spread of Cholera," Ottawa Citizen, Sept. 11, 1991.

539

J. P. Guthmann, "Epidemic Cholera in Latin America: Spread and Routes of Transmission," The Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 98, no. 6 (1995): 419.

540

Jazel Dolores and Karla J. F. Satchell, "Analysis of Vibrio cholerae: Genome Sequences Reveals Unique rtxA Variants in Environmental Strains and an rtxA-Null Mutation in Recent Altered El Tor Isolates," mBio 4, no. 2 (2013); Ashrafus Safa, G. Balakrish Nair, and Richard Y. C. Kong, "Evolution of New Variants of Vibrio cholerae O1," Trends in Microbiology 18, no. 1 (2010): 46–54

541

A. K. Siddique et al., "El Tor Cholera with Severe Disease: A New Threat to Asia and Beyond," Epidemiology and Infection 138, no. 3 (2010): 347–52.

542

R. Piarroux and B. Faucher, "Cholera Epidemics in 2010: Respective Roles of Environment, Strain Changes, and Human-Driven Dissemination," Clinical Microbiology and Infection 18, no. 3 (2012): 231–38.

543

Deborah Jenson et al., "Cholera in Haiti and Other Caribbean Regions, 19th Century," Emerging Infectious Diseases 17, no. 11 (Nov. 2011).

544

Интервью с Анваром Хуком, 25 января 2011 года.

545

Интервью с Ритой Колуэлл; "The United Nations' Duty in Haiti's Cholera Outbreak," The Washington Post, Aug. 11, 2013.

546

Carlos Seas et al., "New Insights on the Emergence of Cholera in Latin America During 1991: the Peruvian Experience," American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 62, no. 4 (2000): 513–17.

547

Luigi Vezzulli et al., "Long-Term Effects of Ocean Warming on the Prokaryotic Community: Evidence from the Vibrios," The ISME Journal 6, no. 1 (2012): 21–30.

548

Peter Andrey Smith, "Sea Sick," Modern Farmer, Sept. 11, 2013.

549

Colwell, "Global Climate and Infectious Disease."

550

Alexander, "An Overview of the Epidemiology of Avian Influenza."

551

Drexler, Secret Agents, 65.

552

Joan Brunkard, "Climate Change Impacts on Waterborne Diseases Outbreaks," International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA, March 12, 2012; Violeta Trinidad Pardío Sedas, "Influence of Environmental Factors on the Presence of Vibrio cholerae in the Marine Environment: A Climate Link," The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 1, no. 3 (2007): 224–41.

553

Jonathan E. Soverow et al., "Infectious Disease in a Warming World: How Weather Influenced West Nile Virus in the United States (2001–2005)," Environmental Health Perspectives 117, no. 7 (2009): 1049–52.

554

Peter Daszak, "Fostering Advances in Interdisciplinary Climate Science," lecture, Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, March 31 – April 2, 2011.

555

S. Mistry and A. Moreno-Valdez, "Climate Change and Bats: Vampire Bats Offer Clues to the Future," Bats 26, no. 2 (Summer 2008).

556

Lars Eisen and Chester G. Moore, "Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti in the Continental United States: a Vector at the Cool Margin of Its Geographic Range," Journal of Medical Entomology 50, no. 3 (2013): 467–78; Diana Marcum, "California Residents Cautioned to Look Out for Yellow Fever Mosquito," Los Angeles Times, Oct. 20, 2013.

557

D. Roiz et al., "Climatic Factors Driving Invasion of the Tiger Mosquito (Aedes albopictus) into New Areas of Trentino, Northern Italy," PLoS ONE 6, no. 4 (April 15, 2011): e14800.

558

Laura Jensen, "What Does Climate Change and Deforestation Mean for Lyme Disease in the 21st Century?" Tick Talk, an investigative project on Lyme disease, SUNY New Paltz.

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